Corrections and Retractions Policy

The journal ensures the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record through the timely publication of corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions where necessary. The editorial board acts in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics.

  1. General Provisions

In cases where errors, inaccuracies, or breaches of academic integrity are identified in submitted or published materials, the editorial board takes appropriate action depending on the nature and severity of the issue.

The primary objective is to ensure the reliability of scientific information, rather than to penalize authors.

  1. Corrections

If errors are identified in a published article that do not significantly affect the results or conclusions of the study, the editorial board may publish a correction (correction, erratum, or corrigendum).

Corrections are issued in cases such as:

  • technical or editorial errors;
  • inaccuracies in data that do not alter the substantive conclusions;
  • errors in references, names, affiliations, etc.

A correction:

  • is published separately or as an addendum to the article;
  • is linked to the original publication;
  • includes a clear explanation of the changes made.
  1. Expressions of Concern

In cases where there are reasonable concerns regarding the reliability or ethical integrity of a publication, but an investigation is still ongoing, the editorial board may issue an expression of concern.

Such a notice informs readers of potential issues with the material pending the outcome of the investigation.

  1. Retractions

An article may be retracted if significant issues are identified that render its results unreliable or ethically unacceptable.

Grounds for retraction include:

  • plagiarism or self-plagiarism;
  • data fabrication or falsification;
  • duplicate publication;
  • serious methodological errors affecting the conclusions;
  • violations of research ethics;
  • manipulation of the peer review process.

The decision to retract an article is made by the editorial board following an investigation and, where appropriate, consultation with experts or relevant institutions.

A retracted article:

  • is not removed from the journal’s website;
  • is clearly marked as retracted;
  • is accompanied by a notice explaining the reasons for retraction.
  1. Initiation of Corrections or Retractions

The process of correction or retraction may be initiated by:

  • authors;
  • the editorial board;
  • reviewers;
  • readers or other stakeholders.

All requests are handled in accordance with the Complaints and Appeals Policy.

  1. Principles for Decision-Making

All decisions regarding corrections and retractions are made on the basis of:

  • objectivity and impartiality;
  • transparency;
  • adherence to COPE recommendations;
  • ensuring the reliability of the scholarly record.

The editorial board ensures that readers are appropriately informed about any changes made.